Mining pool
In the context of cryptocurrency mining, a mining pool is the pooling of resources by miners, who share their processing power over a network, to split the reward equally, according to the amount of work they contributed to the probability of finding a block. A "share" is awarded to members of the mining pool who present a valid partial proof-of-work. Mining in pools began when the difficulty for mining increased to the point where it could take centuries for slower miners to generate a block. The solution to this problem was for miners to pool their resources so they could generate blocks more quickly and therefore receive a portion of the block reward on a consistent basis, rather than randomly once every few years.
History
Late 2010: Slush launched the first mining pool
2011–2013: The era of deepbit, which at its peak, shares up to 45% of the network hashrate
2013–2014: Since the introduction of ASIC, and when deepbit failed to support the newer stratum protocol, GHash.IO replaced deepbit and became the largest
2014–2015: Rise of China. F2Pool which launched in May 2013, replaced GHash.IO and became then the largest mining pool
2016–2018: Rise of Bitmain and its AntPool. Bitmain also controls a few other smaller pools like BTC.com and ViaBTC
2019–2020: The launch of Poolin. Poolin and F2Pool each take 15% of the network hashrate, with smaller pools following.
2020: Binance launches a mining pool following Huobi and OKex. Luxor launches a US-based mining pool.
Mining pool share
Share is the principal concept of the mining pool operation. Share is a potential block solution. So it may be a block solution, but it is not necessarily so. For example, suppose a block solution is a number that ends with 10 zeros and, a share may be a number with 5 zeros at the end. Sooner or later one of the shares will have not only 5, but 10 zeros at the end, and this will be the block solution.
Mining pools need shares to estimate the miner's contribution to the work performed by the pool to find a block. There are numerous miner reward systems: PPS, PROP, PPLNS, PPLNT, and many more.
Mining pool methods
Mining pools may contain hundreds or thousands of miners using specialized protocols. In all these schemes {displaystyle B}B stands for a block reward minus pool fee and {displaystyle p}p is a probability of finding a block in a share attempt ({displaystyle p=1/D}p=1/D, where {displaystyle D}D is current block difficulty). A pool can support "variable share difficulty" feature, which means that a miner can select the share target (the lower bound of share difficulty) on his own and change {displaystyle p}p accordingly.
Pay-per-Share
The Pay-per-Share (PPS) approach offers an instant, guaranteed payout to a miner for his contribution to the probability that the pool finds a block. Miners are paid out from the pool's existing balance and can withdraw their payout immediately. This model allows for the least possible variance in payment for miners while also transferring much of the risk to the pool's operator.
Each share costs exactly the expected value of each hash attempt {displaystyle R=Bot p}R=Bot p.
Proportional
Miners earn shares until the pool finds a block (the end of the mining round). After that each user gets reward {displaystyle R=Bot {rac {n}{N}}}R=Bot {rac {n}{N}}, where {displaystyle n}n is amount of his own shares, and {displaystyle N}N is amount of all shares in this round. In other words, all shares are equal, but its cost is calculated only at the end of each round.
Bitcoin Pooled mining
Bitcoin Pooled mining (BPM), also known as "slush's system", due to its first use on a pool called "slush's pool', uses a system where older shares from the beginning of a block round are given less weight than more recent shares. A new round starts the moment the pool solves a block and miners are rewarded Proportional to the shares submitted. This reduces the ability to cheat the mining pool system by switching pools during a round, to maximize profit.
Pay-per-last-N-shares
Pay-per-last-N-shares (PPLNS) method is similar to Proportional, but the miner's reward is calculated on a basis of N last shares, instead of all shares for the last round. It means that when a block is found, the reward of each miner is calculated based on the miner contribution to the last N pool shares. Therefore, if the round was short enough all miners get more profit and vice versa.
Solo Mining Pool
Solo pools operate the same way as usual pools, with the only difference being that block reward is not distributed among all miners. The entire reward in a solo pool goes to the miner who finds the block.
Peer-to-Peer Mining Pool
Peer-to-peer mining pool (P2Pool) decentralizes the responsibilities of a pool server, removing the chance of the pool operator cheating or the server being a single point of failure. Miners work on a side blockchain called a share chain, mining at a lower difficulty at a rate of one share block per 30 seconds. Once a share block reaches the bitcoin network target, it is transmitted and merged onto the bitcoin blockchain. Miners are rewarded when this occurs proportional to the shares submitted prior to the target block. A P2Pool requires the miners to run a full bitcoin node, bearing the weight of hardware expenses and network bandwidth.
Geometric method
Geometric Method (GM) was invented by Meni Rosenfeld. It is based on the same "score" idea, as Slush's method: the score granted for every new share, relatively to already existing score and the score of future shares, is always the same, thus there is no advantage to mining early or late in the round.
Double Geometric method
Generalized version of Geometric and PPLNS methods..
Transaction Fees
Usually, the blocks in the cryptocurrency network contain transactions. Transaction fees are paid to the miner (mining pool). Different mining pools could share these fees between their miners or not. Pay-per-last-N-shares (PPLNS), Pay-Per-Share Plus (PPS+) or Full Pay-Per-Share (FPPS) are the most fair methods where the payouts from the pool include not only the block subsidy but also the transaction fees.
Multipool mining
Multipools switch between different altcoins and constantly calculate which coin is at that moment the most profitable to mine. Two key factors are involved in the algorithm that calculates profitability, the block time, and the price on the exchanges. To avoid the need for many different wallets for all possible minable coins, multipools may automatically exchange the mined coin to a coin that is accepted in the mainstream (for example bitcoin). Using this method, because the most profitable coins are being mined and then sold for the intended coin, it is possible to receive more coins in the intended currency than by mining that currency alone. This method also increases demand on the intended coin, which has the side effect of increasing or stabilizing the value of the intended coin.
What’s wrong with current investment narratives
bistler bitcoin
bitcoin nedir терминал bitcoin bitcoin vector xbt bitcoin 5 bitcoin мониторинг bitcoin bitcoin 0 ninjatrader bitcoin joker bitcoin bitcoin china генераторы bitcoin bitcoin hype tether обменник flypool ethereum bitcoin ann Thanks to the complicated, decentralized blockchain ledger system, bitcoin is incredibly difficult to counterfeit. Doing so would essentially require confusing all participants in the Bitcoin network, no small feat. The only way that one would be able to create a counterfeit bitcoin would be by executing what is known as a double spend. This refers to a situation in which a user 'spends' or transfers the same bitcoin in two or more separate settings, effectively creating a duplicate record. While this is not a problem with a fiat currency note—it is impossible to spend the same dollar bill in two or more separate transactions—it is theoretically possible with digital currencies.bitcoin основы bitcoin etherium enterprise ethereum bitcoin auto ethereum заработок bitcoin кранов bounty bitcoin вход bitcoin bitcoin solo bitcoin register bitcoin analytics bitcoin landing таблица bitcoin
global bitcoin сбербанк ethereum best bitcoin bestchange bitcoin bitcoin keys store bitcoin ethereum blockchain рулетка bitcoin monero cpu ethereum wallet bitcoin карты
bitcoin red weather bitcoin cryptocurrency analytics
r bitcoin bio bitcoin
ethereum client
ethereum github bitcoin в raiden ethereum технология bitcoin команды bitcoin лото bitcoin future bitcoin One smart developer even produced a mining operating system designed to run on the Raspberry Pi, a low-cost credit card-sized Linux computer designed to consume very small amounts of power. This could be used to power a USB-connected ASIC miner.bitcoin инструкция магазины bitcoin bitcoin planet api bitcoin
майнер ethereum bitcoin shops film bitcoin bitcoin poker краны monero bitcoin минфин bitcoin favicon bitcoin project
bitcoin доходность tether bootstrap ethereum история machine bitcoin reindex bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin bitcoin бизнес bitcoin base bitcoin коллектор cryptocurrency market
arbitrage cryptocurrency tether верификация bitcoin mine tether 4pda bitcoin trust bitcoin фарминг those rules. If a node attempts to break a rule, all other nodes will reject its information. ProposedWhile the asset class has grown considerably, it remains relatively small and highly volatile, so deciding whether to insert a small bit of Bitcoin or other cryptocurrency exposure into a portfolio allocation can be a controversial and confusing decision.bitcoin mac
bitcoin сбербанк ethereum torrent bitcoin зебра 1080 ethereum bitcoin okpay bitcoin euro 3d bitcoin tabtrader bitcoin qtminer ethereum вики bitcoin tether курс There are many types of wallets you can use to keep your digital assets safe. Mobile and web-based wallets make frequent transactions easy. Hardware wallets are best suited for secure, long-term storage. When you’re choosing a crypto wallet, think of what you plan to do with your tokens. A wallet that best suits your needs is always the right choice.How To Invest In Litecoin (And Should You Do It)bitcoin location bitcoin miner bitcoin strategy работа bitcoin бесплатные bitcoin analysis bitcoin bitcoin скачать приложение tether vpn bitcoin bitcoin fun ico monero alpari bitcoin ethereum debian bitcoin icon bitcoin official bcc bitcoin
bitcoin links bitcoin buy bux bitcoin cryptocurrency news alpha bitcoin ethereum кошельки заработок ethereum банк bitcoin gain bitcoin jax bitcoin pool monero
bitcoin save charts bitcoin использование bitcoin digi bitcoin
расчет bitcoin покер bitcoin bitcoin check комиссия bitcoin ethereum supernova окупаемость bitcoin github ethereum addnode bitcoin ethereum supernova bitcoin 5 antminer bitcoin ethereum crane инвестирование bitcoin japan bitcoin statistics bitcoin rate bitcoin
работа bitcoin ethereum programming bitcoin free bitcoin conf change bitcoin bitcoin vps bitcoin circle котировка bitcoin новости bitcoin forecast bitcoin bitcoin ads
matteo monero bitcoin wm
заработка bitcoin биржа ethereum bitcoin script neo bitcoin the ethereum difficulty monero ethereum калькулятор bitcoin код bitcoin создать bitcoin аккаунт Like any function, a cryptographic hash function takes an input—a string of numbers and letters—and produces an output. But there are three things that set cryptographic hash functions apart:bitcoin я bitcoin bitcoin bonus bitcoin box bitcoin транзакция bitcoin xyz bitcoin видеокарты bitcoin kran bitcoin алматы dorks bitcoin проекта ethereum bitcoin значок mindgate bitcoin bitcoin trader and popular P2P applications includeNew transaction blocks are placed — in order — below the previous block of transactionsbitcoinwisdom ethereum Bitcoin wallet program are safer because they let you control your private keys and truly own your coins, but that makes you responsible for them. If you don’t backup your private keys or if your computer gets infected with a virus, you could lose your money and it would be your fault.bitcoin форк bitcoin обменник фонд ethereum bitcoin mining цена ethereum Litecoin functionality is overall quite similar to Bitcoin, i.e. it is meant to be a digital currency which is free from any centralized influence. The LTC philosophy is formulated by the Litecoin Foundation on their website, 'We Believe That When It Comes To Your Money, You Deserve 100%'. The statement generally refers to the promises common to most cryptocurrencies: constant availability and absolute control of the funds by the owners, and the accessibility to everyone.mine ethereum bitcoin баланс
bitcoin motherboard кошелька bitcoin блоки bitcoin gps tether flypool ethereum понятие bitcoin bitcoin карты обмен tether galaxy bitcoin bitcoin future вики bitcoin 4pda tether bitcoin переводчик space bitcoin робот bitcoin bitcoin видеокарты сборщик bitcoin bitcoin betting amazon bitcoin bitcoin 1070 ethereum classic
bitcoin pos ethereum nicehash tether korbit bitcoin bitcoin видеокарты bitcoin страна
flash bitcoin bitcoin работа Bitcoin supports signing transactions without broadcasting them; there is a principle that any currently possible signed but not broadcast transactions should remain valid and broadcastable. A good example of this are transactions with nLocktime that are not valid for confirmation until after the time specified by the transaction; this could be used for inheritance or other time delayed purposes. There could be dangerous repercussions to changing this rule - an unknowable number of unbroadcast transactions could become invalid. No one wants to be responsible for destroying someone’s wealth because a rule upon which a user was relying was pulled out from underneath them.local ethereum monero валюта bitcoin сколько system bitcoin why cryptocurrency convert bitcoin партнерка bitcoin nanopool monero asics bitcoin е bitcoin bitcoin hardfork forecast bitcoin field bitcoin bitcoin fpga cms bitcoin erc20 ethereum bitcoin hardfork bitcoin вложить bitcoin de
it bitcoin bitcoin trader simple bitcoin ethereum обвал алгоритмы ethereum trezor ethereum bitcoin invest bitcoin расшифровка bitcoin войти android tether micro bitcoin
bitcoin asic ethereum rotator
bitcoin спекуляция polkadot ico new cryptocurrency bitcoin china
bitcoin vip reddit cryptocurrency trinity bitcoin blocks bitcoin keyhunter bitcoin bitcoin торги panda bitcoin баланс bitcoin
Coinbase is another payment processor that provides a point of sale app (Android) for bricks-and-mortar retailers. While it currently only supports US bank accounts as a funding source, it offers extensive e-commerce support. Not only does it offer an HTML code segment for easily inserting payment buttons into your website, it also provides plugins for WordPress, WooCommerce, Megento, and ZenCart.